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    FGJ: Create:2023/12/15 Update: (2025-03-25)

    • Intro(网络栈) #

      • 直接往网卡发送数据 #

        通过对网络模型以及 tcp/ip 协议栈的了解,是可以不通过协议栈处理而使用系统调用直接往网卡上面发送数据的。示例如下:(在 linux 上面的实验,macosx 因为限制原因,修改不了 MAC source address,但是 Linux 完全没有问题。)

        抓包命令sudo tcpdump -i eth0 arp -w nic.pcapnic.pcap file download

        #include <stdio.h>
        #include <stdlib.h>
        #include <string.h>
        #include <unistd.h>
        #include <arpa/inet.h>
        #include <net/if.h>
        #include <sys/ioctl.h>
        #include <sys/socket.h>
        #include <linux/if_packet.h>
        #include <net/ethernet.h>
        
        int main() {
            int sockfd;
            struct ifreq if_idx;
            struct sockaddr_ll socket_address;
            char sendbuf[1024];
            unsigned char src_mac[6] = {0x00, 0x0c, 0x29, 0x7b, 0x3e, 0x1f}; // 本机 MAC 地址
            unsigned char dst_mac[6] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}; // 广播 MAC 地址
            unsigned char *data = "Hello Ethernet!";
            int data_len = strlen(data);
        
            // 创建 Packet Socket
            if ((sockfd = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL))) == -1) {
                perror("socket");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        
            // 获取网络接口索引
            memset(&if_idx, 0, sizeof(struct ifreq));
            strncpy(if_idx.ifr_name, "eth0", IFNAMSIZ - 1);
            if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &if_idx) < 0) {
                perror("SIOCGIFINDEX");
                close(sockfd);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        
            // 填充以太网帧头
            struct ethhdr *eh = (struct ethhdr *)sendbuf;
            memcpy(eh->h_dest, dst_mac, 6); // 设置目标 MAC 地址
            memcpy(eh->h_source, src_mac, 6); // 设置源 MAC 地址
            eh->h_proto = htons(ETH_P_ARP); // 设置协议类型(这里假设是 ARP)
        
            // 填充数据部分
            memcpy(sendbuf + sizeof(struct ethhdr), data, data_len);
        
            // 设置目标地址
            memset(&socket_address, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll));
            socket_address.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
            socket_address.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ARP);
            socket_address.sll_ifindex = if_idx.ifr_ifindex;
            socket_address.sll_halen = ETH_ALEN;
            memcpy(socket_address.sll_addr, dst_mac, 6);
        
            // 发送数据包
            if (sendto(sockfd, sendbuf, sizeof(struct ethhdr) + data_len, 0,
                    (struct sockaddr *)&socket_address, sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll)) < 0) {
                perror("sendto");
                close(sockfd);
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        
            printf("Data sent successfully!\n");
            close(sockfd);
            return 0;
        }
        

    网络堆栈 #

    协议分层 #

    Reference #


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